Chapter 13


  • Spanish 
    • conquest was brutal
    • they brought over disease that killed a lot of people
    • ignited the slave trade
    • basically wiped out native american populations 
    • women were subject to rape, abuse, and violence
    • created a division between race
The spanish basically came and wiped whole populations out with the help of diseases and man power but in the end it gave them control of the land and control over all of the goods that these regions were making.


  • Portuguese
    • Didn't provide as much mineral wealth as the spanish until the 1690s when they discovered gold and diamonds
    • They made a lot with sugar because for a while they were the only ones who could make it
    • Since they didn't have native americans to turn to for labor they had a lot of slaves almost 80% or more of slaves ended up in the carribean
    • It was like hell because it was so hot from the cauldrons 
    • 5 to 10 percent death rate a year
    • A majority of brazils population was partially or wholly african american

  • British
    • they got the drags of the colonies or so they believed
    • they usually did all the labor themselves so they did not require to have a heavy use of slavery like the others did
    • for most of them it was like a get away from the mother land they were not trying to replicate it
    • they were not really interested in spreading christianity to the natives
    • since they had a focus on the bible they became literate well over 75% of males were literate 
    • they evolved traditions of self government 

  • Russia
    • Russia expanded but not my conquest they kindve just took their neighbors in but not by force
    • they did not force anything onto them and let them live freely
    • by choice they would transfer over to russian tradition and culture
    • they took over the population in siberia to be 70% russian (700,000)
    • "The british had an empire," "Russia was an empire."
    • that could explain the longevity of the russian empire which lasted until 1991

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